Nursery

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	What is the advantage of using plants in the landscape that are native to the area or plants that are derived from native species
a.	Native plants and selected varieties of native plants are less expensive 	c.	Native plants and selected varieties will grow in all soil conditions in the area	
b.	Native plants are selected varieties are smaller at maturity and require less pruning	d.	Native plants and selected varieties are usually more resistant to pests and are better adapted to the environment of the area	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	2.	A pesticide that enters the plant system and moves throughout the plant to control plant pests as they feed on the plant tissues is the best defined as which of the following?
a.	Systemic	c.	Fumigant	
b.	Internal Poison 	d.	Contact Poison	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	3.	Which nutrient is most readily lost from the soil and is applied according to general recommendations for plant needs rather than soil test results?
a.	Nitrogen	c.	Calcium 	
b.	Phosphorus	d.	Magnesium	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	4.	Generally, solid wooden fences should be about ____ feet high to provide privacy, some wind protection, and reduce noise.
a.	4	c.	8	
b.	6	d.	10	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	5.	An example of items commonly found in the service area of the home landscape include:
a.	birdbaths, statuary, and fountains	c.	miniature putting greens, vegetable gardens, and sitting areas	
b.	specimen trees, fruiting shrubs, and fountains	d.	tool sheds, garbage cans, and storage	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	6.	The walkway leading to the front door of a home should be at least _________ feet wide.
a.	2	c.	6	
b.	4	d.	8	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	7.	Hydroseeding, which is the process of _________, is often used to establish grass on steep slopes.
a.	applying a mixture of seed,water, fertilizer, and mulch in a spray slurry	c.	planting seeds by air pressure	
b.	infusing hydrogen into seed for quick germination	d.	soaking seeds in water and a mild paste before application	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	8.	Grasses that are to be maintained at a low height, such as bentgrass on golf greens, are best cut with a ________ mower
a.	reel	c.	flail	
b.	rotary	d.	riding	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	9.	Which federal agency is responsible for inspection businesses to ensure that employers provide employees with a workplace that is free from recognized hazards that are likely to cause harm to the employees?
a.	American Community and Workplace Administration	c.	Occupational Safety and Health Administration	
b.	Cooperative Extension Service	d.	Hazard Prevention Administration	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	10.	Upright trees generally have a center, main branch called a _________ and side branches often called ________ branches.
a.	top, terminal	c.	main, terminal	
b.	sucker, scaffold	d.	leader, lateral	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	11.	A Federal government agency which, among other responsibilities, protects plant health by inspection for plant diseases that may be brought into the U.S. by international travelers at airports, ports, etc., is:
a.	PLANET	c.	NCLA	
b.	APHIS	d.	OSHA	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	12.	A call to _________ is always advisable if you think you may be digging anywhere near underground utility lines.
a.	411	c.	888	
b.	811	d.	977	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	13.	Patented plants cannot legally be propagated without ______________ being paid to the patent holder.
a.	development taxes	c.	hybrid taxes	
b.	patent rentals	d.	royalties	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	14.	Which of the following would be the most likely to survive being planted into the landscape during the hot summer months?
a.	bare root deciduous plants	c.	bare root evergreens	
b.	containerized plants	d.	balled and burlapped trees	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	15.	The gap on a spark plug must be specified width in order to:
a.	provide for the proper flow of gasoline into the cylinder	c.	regulate the mixture of air and gasoline	
b.	allow air flow into the cylinder, which vaporized the gasoline	d.	allow electricity to jump the gap, creating a spark to ignite the fuel	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	16.	In most landscape plants, pruning stimulates:
a.	regrowth of shoots near the cut	c.	root growth	
b.	development of V- shaped crotches	d.	internode growth near the cut	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	17.	USDA Plant Hardiness Zones are based on the __________ for an area.
a.	lowest expected temperatures	c.	rainfall and soil characteristics	
b.	highest expected temperatures	d.	all the above	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	18.	Astilbe, Purple Coneflower, Shasta Daisy, and Day Lily are all classified which of the following?
a.	bulbous	c.	perennials	
b.	annuals	d.	biennials	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	19.	Plants that are unusually colorful or have striking growth habits, as well as fountains and statuary, are often used in the landscape as which of the following?
a.	focalization points	c.	silhouettes for balance	
b.	convex balance points	d.	mass materials for rhythm	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	20.	A unique feature of plant cells is that they are totipotent. Totipotent means:
a.	plants can produce seeds without flowering	c.	plants can go through photosynthesis without sunlight	
b.	plants can absorb needed nutrients from other plants	d.	plant cells can retain all of the genetic information needed to develop into a complete plant	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	21.	Which of the following should NOT generally be added to a potting mix for azaleas?
a.	perlite	c.	peat moss	
b.	lime	d.	sand	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	22.	The single word caution on a pesticide label indicates:
a.	the lowest level of toxicity	c.	extreme danger to vertebrates	
b.	the highest level of toxicity	d.	a highly restrictive pesticide	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	23.	To help prevent plants from growing too close to a building at maturity, most shrubs in the foundation planting should be planted:
a.	about 6 to 12 feet from the foundation	c.	no closer than 3 feet from the foundation	
b.	between 1 to 2 feet from the foundation	d.	no closer than 6 feet from the foundation	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	24.	An organism capable of causing a disease is called a(n): 
a.	enzyme	c.	pathogen	
b.	systemic	d.	carcinogen	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	25.	Which of the following is one strategy that small retail nurseries often use to successfully compete with big box stores and chain garden centers?
a.	selling products at a lower price	c.	advertising negatively against big box stores and chain garden centers	
b.	providing better service	d.	advertising on TV	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	26.	On which area of a golf course is the care of turfgrass most intense and most important?
a.	green	c.	rough	
b.	fairway	d.	fringe	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	27.	Extra fuel for easier starting of a small engine is often supplied by pressing the __________.
a.	primer bulb	c.	fuel cell	
b.	flywheel	d.	float valve	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	28.	When is the optimum time to prune Azaleas?
a.	shortly before bud break in the spring	c.	in the late fall	
b.	shortly before blooming in the spring	d.	between January 1 and March 1	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	29.	A fuel/ oil mix ranging from 16:1 and 50:1, depending on the manufacturers’ recommendation, is required in:
a.	two-cycle engines	c.	four-cycle engines	
b.	three-cycle engines	d.	diesel engines	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	30.	Which plant disease organism is the most difficult to control with chemicals once the plant is infected?
a.	bacteria	c.	virus	
b.	fungus	d.	mildew	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	31.	IPM is an acronym for which of the following?
a.	interrelated pest management	c.	intensive pest management	
b.	integrated pest management	d.	intensive pest material	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	32.	When heat is used to pasteurize potting soil, the soil, the soil should be heated to about:
a.	100 degrees for 30 minutes	c.	180 degrees for 30 minutes	
b.	115 degrees for 1 hour	d.	190 degrees for 4 hours	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	33.	The practice of _____ is often used to quickly stabilize steep embankments.
a.	plugging	c.	hydroseeding	
b.	stolonizing	d.	enviro-seeding	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	34.	If the architecture of the structure being landscaped is symmetrical, then a ___________ landscape would probably fit best.
a.	asymmetrical	c.	bilateral	
b.	symmetrical	d.	vertical	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	35.	Generally, ________ focal point(s) should be seen by the viewer from any one point in the landscape.
a.	no more than one	c.	only two to five	
b.	all landscape	d.	only two	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	36.	Material safety data sheets (MSDS) are best obtained from:
a.	the USDA	c.	the manufactured of the product.	
b.	wholesale nurseries.	d.	the State Department of Agriculture.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	37.	Which of these is used to record the slope of different areas of the property?
a.	genome map 	c.	eco-map	
b.	contour map	d.	enviro-map	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	38.	Generally, which of the following is true about the foliage texture of landscape plants?
a.	small leaved plants give a fine textured appearance 	c.	coarse textured plants should not be used near fine textured plants	
b.	large leaved plants provide a pubescence textured appearance 	d.	fine textured plants should not be used in the foundation	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	39.	A very large tree next to a one story home would make the house appear ____to the viewer and violates the principle of proportion
a.	longer	c.	larger	
b.	wider	d.	smaller	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	40.	Which of these is true of cloned plants
a.	Meiosis is a part of the cloning process that produces the plant	c.	Cloned plants are genetic duplicates of the parent plants	
b.	Cloned plants are genetically superior to the parent plant	d.	Cloned plants are genetically superior to the plants propagated from seed	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	41.	The three most distinct areas of a residence to be landscaped are known as
a.	Public, private, service	c.	commercial residential and private	
b.	front, back and extended	d.	Commercial service and public	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	42.	When planting seeds the most important factor to consider when determining how deep to plant the seed is the:
a.	Size of the seeds	c.	Soil temperature	
b.	Viability of the seeds	d.	Depth of the top soil	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	43.	Maintaining the proper soil pH is a must for the efficient use of other crop inputs. Understanding that soil pH controls the _______ is important for plant producers.
a.	availability of most nutrients	c.	germination of most crop seeds	
b.	amount of moisture available to the plant	d.	effectiveness of herbicides	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	44.	A plant transplanted into the landscape or potted into a larger pot should be planted:
a.	about 2-3 inches deeper than it was originally growing	c.	at the same depth it was originally growing 	
b.	about 2-3 inches higher than it was originally growing 	d.	so that at least one inch of the main stem is still covered	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	45.	A soil that contains nearly equal amounts of sand , silt, and clay is called a(n) ______
a.	sandy, silty, clay soil	c.	silty clay	
b.	loam	d.	equilaterally textured soil	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	46.	A common choice for producing plants in poorly drained sites is to:
a.	use raised beds	c.	install drying tubes	
b.	incorporate clay into the site	d.	establish moisture zones	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	47.	Which of the following would need the most protection from hot and dry locations in the landscape, especially the hot afternoon sun?
a.	Gardenia	c.	Sweet Gum	
b.	Red Maple 	d.	Bermudagrass	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	48.	It is important to keep the air filter on a lawn mower clean and free of debris to:
a.	prevent crankcase fatigue	c.	prevent oil reservoir contamination	
b.	keep the spark plug clean and in operating condition	d.	prevent dust and debris from entering the carburetor	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	49.	Auxin is:
a.	a growth inhibitor used in the production of dwarf landscape plants	c.	a hormone produced in the Terminal bud; it accounts for apical dominance and is used in rooting cuttings	
b.	the capital of Texas and an area known for landscape plant production	d.	a pesticide used to control white flies and certain other insects or ornamentals	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	50.	A ________ is a material added to a liquid spray solution to reduce surface tension between the liquid and the leaf surface.
a.	pheromone	c.	surfactant	
b.	condensate	d.	flocculent	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	51.	Which of these is sometimes planted to hold the soil in place until a permanent turfgrass can be established? 
a.	Annual Ryegrass	c.	Bentgrass	
b.	Bermuda grass	d.	Annual Bluegrass	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	52.	For maximum benefits and cost effectiveness, mulch is generally applied about ____ inch(es) deep.
a.	1	c.	10	
b.	3-4	d.	10-16	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	53.	Soil sample cores from the lawn should be taken about ___ inch(es) deep.
a.	1	c.	6	
b.	3	d.	14	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	54.	Watering plants _____________ will to help reduce disease in nursery crops.
a.	late in the afternoon	c.	in the late evening	
b.	in the morning	d.	in the early evening	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	55.	An advantage of using a landscape fabric around plants rather than black polyethylene film is that landscape fabric:
a.	warms the root zone	c.	provides for the exchange of gases between soil and air	
b.	eliminates the need for mulch	d.	provides color to the landscape as desired	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	56.	In the commercial nursery trade, additions are often made to the binomial name of the plant, such as, ‘Crimson King’ to the name Acer platanoides. In this case, ‘Crimson King’ is the ____________ name.
a.	species	c.	genus	
b.	cultivar	d.	order	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	57.	The soil should be firmed around newly transplanted plants to prevent:
a.	drying of plant roots	c.	disease	
b.	soil heaving in winter	d.	insects from invading the soft soil	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	58.	A plant pathologist studies:
a.	diseases and insects of plants	c.	plant diseases	
b.	plant propagation methods	d.	adaptation of plants to the landscape	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	59.	The most commonly used propagation method for shrubs such as Japanese and Chinese hollies is:
a.	layering 	c.	cleft grafting 	
b.	stem cutting	d.	root cutting	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	60.	In the most asymmetrical landscape designs when using fewer than 10 shrubs, they should be planted in:
a.	groups of two	c.	groups of four	
b.	even number groups 	d.	odd number groups	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	61.	A __________ plant that produces male flowers on one plant and female flower parts on another plant.
a.	staminate	c.	dioecious	
b.	monecious	d.	gymnosperm	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	62.	Which of the following is correct about scalping lawns?
a.	Scalping is generally undesirable, occurring on uneven ground or when a mower blade is set too low	c.	Scalping is most beneficial if done in the fall	
b.	Scalping is recommended to be done only one timer per year and in mid-summer	d.	Lawns in good condition need scalping only once every two or three years	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	63.	The plant tissue that is the site of rapid, almost continuous cell division is the ______.
a.	meristem	c.	xylem	
b.	chloroplast	d.	phloem	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	64.	In what position should a deciduous tree be planted to shade a building from the hot afternoon sun during the summer and allow the warming sun rays to reach the building in winter?
a.	East	c.	Northwest	
b.	North	d.	Southwest	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	65.	Iron deficiency in plants is exhibited by:
a.	yellowing between the leaf veins while the veins remain green.	c.	pathogenic materials forming in the leaves	
b.	browning leaf margins	d.	leaves with a scorched appearance.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	66.	The _____ of the front of the home is usually the front door, with plantings leading the viewers’ eye toward the door.
a.	attractive focus	c.	focal point	
b.	social area	d.	attention focus	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	67.	About ______ elements are considered essential nutrients for plant growth and development.
a.	7	c.	16	
b.	9	d.	32	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	68.	Plants to be used in interiorscapes are produced in conditions for best plant growth. Before being placed in interiorscapes, where the growing conditions will be less desirable, the plants should be _______ to the new environment.
a.	acclimated	c.	scaled	
b.	softened	d.	espaliered	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	69.	Most plants do not grow well in wet, poorly drained soils because of:
a.	low oxygen content	c.	excess nitrogen	
b.	high pH	d.	low soil temperature	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	70.	The process of converting food energy into energy for plant growth is called:
a.	respiration	c.	acclimatization	
b.	photosynthesis	d.	transpiration	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	71.	Providing ________ is one technique often used to help speed up the rooting of cuttings.
a.	soil cooling	c.	leaf heating	
b.	bottom heat	d.	extra fertilizer	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	72.	A plant with a purple coloration of the leaves indicates a _____ deficiency
a.	phosphorus	c.	magnesium	
b.	calcium	d.	potassium	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	73.	Herbicides may be classified as ________ based on the time of their application
a.	pre-selective or post-selective	c.	utility or general purpose	
b.	pre-emergence or post-emergence	d.	selective or nonselective	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	74.	When using a riding lawn mower on slopes, it is safer to mow:
a.	in a circular pattern on the slope	c.	diagonally across the slope 	
b.	across the slope	d.	up and down the slope	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	75.	In landscape terms, which of the following best defines an invasive species?
a.	a native plant that grows rapidly, over-taking cultivated landscape plants	c.	a plant species with an aggressive and extensive root system that clogs septic and water lines	
b.	a non-native aggressive plant species that crowds-out native plants and other cultivated species	d.	any desirable plant	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	76.	Which of the following would be found on a four-cycle engine but not on a two-cycle engine?
a.	carburetor	c.	spark plug	
b.	oil tank	d.	fuel tank	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	77.	Plants that are very tolerant of dry conditions are called:
a.	conifers	c.	monocotyledonous	
b.	xerophytes	d.	dicotyledonous	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	78.	Should employees become injured or ill due to work-related causes, they can receive financial assistance through their state’s _____________ program.
a.	OSHA Reimbursement	c.	FEMA Assistance	
b.	Workers’ Compensation	d.	APHIS Worker Assistance	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	79.	To prevent destroying good soil structure, do not till the soil:
a.	when it is humid	c.	when the moon is full	
b.	when it is very wet	d.	when the air temperature is below 30 F degrees or above 90 F degrees	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	80.	When “orientalis” is used in the botanical name of a plant, it means that the plant:
a.	is native to, or originated in, eastern Asia	c.	is closely related to ocidentalis plants	
b.	should be planted with a specific orientation	d.	is a ‘shade loving’ plant	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	81.	A flower that has a stamen but is lacking a pistil is called a ________ flower.
a.	male	c.	complete	
b.	female	d.	radical	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	82.	A ________ soil has the largest pore spaces, drains the quickest, and has the poorest nutrient holding ability.
a.	clay 	c.	clay loam	
b.	sandy 	d.	silt loam 	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	83.	A plant exhibiting signs of yellowing or death at the tips and/or outer edges of leaves is suffering from a _____ deficiency.
a.	phosphorus	c.	sulfur	
b.	nitrogen 	d.	potassium	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	84.	The metabolic rate of most seed would be expected to slow down significantly when:
a.	stored in a cool, dry place	c.	stored in humid and warm conditions	
b.	planted in moist soil	d.	exposed to indirect sunlight	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	85.	Lichens growing on a landscape plant are a sign that the plant is:
a.	declining in health or vigor.	c.	is a slow growth mode while preparing for winter	
b.	under attack by the lichen organism. 	d.	in a vigorous stage of growth.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	86.	Water standing on a lawn for long periods of time is a sign of poor internal soil drainage, also known as:
a.	effective depth capacity.	c.	soil tilth	
b.	continuity	d.	permeability	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	87.	Slope of the land is an important factor in planning a landscape. Lawns with a slope over about _____ are a challenge to mow safely. 
a.	6 inches of fall in 100 feet 	c.	2 percent	
b.	a foot of fall in 100 feet	d.	5 percent	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	88.	The type of ________ an insect has is most important to know in the selection of a control method.
a.	eye sight 	c.	mouthparts	
b.	eggs	d.	wings	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	89.	Two of the most common tests performed on potting soil are to determine pH and _____ levels.
a.	soluble salts	c.	oxygen	
b.	nitrogen	d.	silt	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	90.	Large growing trees, taller than sixty feet, should be planted at least ___ feet from the foundation of a home.
a.	8	c.	12	
b.	10	d.	20	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	91.	Where would you find the following warning? “For retail sale to and application only by certified applicators or persons under their direct supervisors.”
a.	On a pesticide container used as a wettable powder.	c.	On a pesticide container with the word “Caution” on the label. 	
b.	On a restricted-use pesticide container.	d.	On all pesticides for which an MSDS has been issued. 	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	92.	The configuration of the surface of the land, including hills, valleys, and flat areas, is referred to as:
a.	aesthetic declination	c.	topography	
b.	surface declination	d.	permeability	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	93.	The hardscape includes items such as:
a.	ornamental grasses 	c.	fruits, nuts, and vegetables	
b.	ornamental vegetable plants	d.	fences and patios	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	94.	Plants that have a life cycle of more than two growing seasons are known as:
a.	annuals	c.	hardy annuals	
b.	perennials	d.	succulent plants	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	95.	What time is generally best to prune most deciduous trees?
a.	early fall	c.	late winter	
b.	late summer 	d.	early winter	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	96.	A bag of fertilizer with an analysis of 5-10-15 consist of:
a.	5% nitrogen, 10% potash and 15% phosphorus.	c.	5 pounds of nitrogen, 10 pounds of phosphorus, and 15 pounds of potash.	
b.	5% potash, 10% nitrogen, and 15% phosphorus.	d.	5% nitrogen, 10% phosphorus, and 15% potash.	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	97.	This pest control method may be used to kill weed seeds, insects, and underground plant parts. it may also be used to kill nematodes and disease organisms in potting soil or in an outdoor plot that will be planted in a high-value crop.
a.	soil fumigants	c.	nematocides	
b.	systemics	d.	emulsifiable concentrates	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	98.	When a pollen grain lands on a stigma, _______ has taken place.
a.	fertilization	c.	pollephytic stimulation	
b.	pollination	d.	germination	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	99.	The process of removing a portion of the seed coat to allow water to enter the seed for germination is known as:
a.	propagation	c.	scarification	
b.	mastication	d.	stratification	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	100.	At what point on the cutting will roots normally develop first?
a.	close to a node	c.	at the very base of the cutting	
b.	just above the soil line	d.	along the internode	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	101.	Most hollies are prized for their:
a.	flowers	c.	fall leaf color	
b.	berries	d.	fragrance	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	102.	To kill existing crabgrass in a lawn, a ____________ should be applied.
a.	post-emergence herbicide	c.	nonselective herbicide	
b.	selective fungicide	d.	pre-emergence fungicide	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	103.	Which of these treatments would likely stimulate the greatest growth of lateral buds in woody plants?
a.	spraying with an antidessicant	c.	fertilization just before dormancy	
b.	heavy watering in the fall	d.	pruning of the terminals	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	104.	Plants store reserve energy in the form of ____________.
a.	fats	c.	carbohydrates	
b.	carbon dioxide	d.	carbon credits	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	105.	A good soil pH range for most nursery plants would be:
a.	7.0 to 8.5	c.	5.5 to 6.5	
b.	4.5 to 5.5	d.	6.5 to 7.0	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	106.	For better and faster rooting, bottom heat is sometimes applied to cuttings in rooting beds to keep the soil temperature _____.
a.	75 to 80 degrees F	c.	55 to 60 degrees F	
b.	60 to 65 degrees F	d.	45 to 55 degrees F	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	107.	In the landscape of a very large industrial building, the landscape designer placed trees in the front of the building in a “V” shape with the point of the V at the main entrance to the building. In this design she was using the straight lines of the V to:
a.	distract the viewer from the size of the building	c.	lead the viewers eye away from the entry to emphasize the size of the building	
b.	lead the viewers eye to the entry	d.	establish textural differences in the landscape	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	108.	The law dealing with the requirement to educate workers on chemical safety and to make workers aware of the chemical hazards in their work environment is knows as the _____________ law.
a.	MSDS	c.	Workplace Hazards	
b.	Right to Know	d.	Comprehensive Chemical Safety	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	109.	Which of the following best describes an attractive and easily maintained design for landscape beds and lawn areas?
a.	acute angles of less than 30 degrees with sloping lines	c.	obtuse angles, straight bed lines	
b.	long, curved, sweeping bed lines with distinct edges	d.	parallel lines with wide angles and narrow edging	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	110.	A common method of estimating potting soil moisture is to squeeze it in the palm of the hand. Which of the following best describes the proper moisture condition of soil for potting nursery crops?
a.	the soil appears very damp and drips water when squeezed lightly into a ball	c.	the soil forms a ball when squeezed but does not drip water; the ball falls apart easily when prodded	
b.	the soil forms a ball easily and drips a few droplets of water when squeezed	d.	the soil will not form a ball when squeezed, does not drip water, and does not appear to be damp	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	111.	Most of the damaging white grubs found in lawns are the larvae of:
a.	crickets	c.	moths	
b.	wasps	d.	beetles	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	112.	 Which type of plant packaging provides the widest range of time that the plant can be transplanted?
a.	bare-root plants in plastic wrapped retail containers filled with peat moss	c.	plants grown in nursery containers	
b.	bare-root plants in peat moss with burlap wrapping	d.	balled and burlapped plants 	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	113.	When planting a balled and burlapped tree, care should be given to unwrap or untie any materials tied around the trunk to prevent:
a.	guying	c.	warping 	
b.	freezing damage 	d.	girdling	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	114.	These plants are grown from seeds or cuttings. They are very young plants, usually grown for sale to other nurseries, who grow them to a larger size before selling them to consumers. This is the best  definition for ____ in horticultural terms.
a.	pullers	c.	yearlings	
b.	liners	d.	inserts	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	115.	When taking soil samples, take:
a.	samples from all areas of the plot and mix them together	c.	one sample from the center of the plot	
b.	one sample from each corner of the plot and mix them together	d.	samples 1-2 inches deep from the four corners and the center of the plot and mix them together 	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	116.	Which of the following is the most important factor in selecting foundation shrubs and other plants for the landscape?
a.	fall color	c.	fruit size	
b.	winter hardiness	d.	price	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	117.	Landscape plants, especially during harvest and shipment, are often sprayed with antidesiccants to:
a.	encourage root development	c.	increase nitrogen absorption	
b.	reduce moisture loss from the leaves	d.	reduce water uptake	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	118.	The signal words _______________ are used on chemical containers to indicate relative toxicity. 
a.	Caution, Warning, Poison	c.	Warning, Caution, Toxic	
b.	Poison, Caution, Corrosive	d.	Caution, Warning, Danger	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	119.	Fertilizers made from animal or plant products or by-products are termed _______ fertilizers.
a.	inorganic	c.	organic	
b.	aggregate-based	d.	mineral	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	120.	Coloring is often added to liquid horticultural fertilizers to indicate:
a.	inorganic content	c.	nitrogen content	
b.	relative concentration	d.	organic content	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	121.	One of the big advantages of using compost as a fertilizer is that it also ___________ of the soil.
a.	improves the structure	c.	increases the mineral content	
b.	decreases the temperature	d.	raises the water table	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	122.	Insects are categorized into two major feeding types for control purposes. These are:
a.	leaf and xylem feeders	c.	abrasion and epidermis feeders	
b.	chewing and sucking feeders	d.	shredding and thatching feeders	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	123.	Soil pH refers to the ________ of the soil
a.	acidity or alkalinity	c.	clay content	
b.	permeability	d.	phosphorus content	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	124.	The description “ produces large numbers of new plants, spreads easily, tolerates many soil types, grows rapidly, displaces native and slower growing plants, and spreads rampantly” best describes ________ plants.
a.	oriental	c.	native	
b.	invasive	d.	continental	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	125.	The ______ lays its eggs between the surface layers of leaves. The eggs hatch and the larvae feed on the leaf tissues as they tunnel their way between the leaf surfaces.
a.	fire fly	c.	aphid	
b.	bagworm	d.	leaf miner	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	126.	Turfgrasses generally need __________ sunlight to perform satisfactorily.
a.	at least 2 hours of	c.	at least 6 hours of	
b.	at least 3 hours of	d.	only indirect	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	127.	Common arrangements of leaves and stems on plants are described as:
a.	Intermediate, regimented, and irregular	c.	opposite, alternative, and regimented	
b.	parallel, alternate, and regular	d.	whorled, opposite, and alternate	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	128.	Nutsedge is difficult to control by hand-pulling, hoeing, or tilling because nutsedge:
a.	constantly produces underground seeds that are difficult to kill	c.	propagates by spores that are easily spread in the air when the plant is disturbed	
b.	propagates from underground tubers and rhizomes.	d.	can grow easily from leaf-piece cuttings left after hoeing or tilling.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	129.	Which of the following is the least desirable material to use as a soil amendment?
a.	composted leaves	c.	fresh saw dust	
b.	composted manure	d.	peat moss	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	130.	A common fungal disease infecting newly germinated seeds and seedlings is:
a.	black spot	c.	damping-off	
b.	mosaic virus	d.	fire blight	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	131.	A desirable soil should contain about:
a.	25% air, 25% water, 50% solid material	c.	50% air, 25% water, 25% solid material	
b.	10% air, 10% water, 80% solid material	d.	5% air, 5% water, 90% solid material	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	132.	Most of the feeding roots of a tree can be found between ________ inches deep.
a.	1 and 12	c.	10 and 50	
b.	10 and 30	d.	10 and 60	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	133.	Many insect traps use _________ to trap insects.
a.	water	c.	nectar	
b.	cool air	d.	sex attractants	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	134.	The most important benefit of using mulch around landscape plants is to:
a.	add nutrients to the soil	c.	recycle waste material	
b.	conserve soil moisture	d.	moderate soil texture	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	135.	Plants sold in the landscape trade are sold by _______ name.
a.	Botanical	c.	Order and genus	
b.	Family	d.	Order and family	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	136.	Plants which evolve and grow naturally in an area are termed ______ plants.
a.	Exotic 	c.	Accent	
b.	Specimen	d.	Native	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	137.	What is the recommended pH range for azaleas?
a.	4.5-5.5	c.	6.5-7.0	
b.	6.0-6.5	d.	7.0-7.5	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	138.	A plant that produces flowers that have either stamens or pistils, but not on the same plant is called:
a.	staminate	c.	angiosperm	
b.	dioecious 	d.	monecious	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	139.	The halves or this portions of a seed that contain the issue used by the seedling in its early growth is the:
a.	cotyledon	c.	monoecious	
b.	gymnosperm	d.	dioecious storage tissue	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	140.	Trees that produce naked seeds not enclosed in ovaries such as pines and spruces are:
a.	angiosperms	c.	gymnosperms 	
b.	thallophytes	d.	evergreens	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	141.	In landscaping terms, if the mower bladeis set too low and the turf is not level, the mower may ________ the turf in spots
a.	Scalp	c.	slice 	
b.	aerate	d.	scorch 	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	142.	The viability of a group of seeds is measured by: 
a.	the number of seeds per pound	c.	The germination percentage	
b.	maturity of the seeds 	d.	permeability of the seeds	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	143.	For most plant species, the best time to transplant seeds sown in a flat is when the plants:
a.	begin to get crowded.	c.	have one set of true leaves.	
b.	have a large amount of roots.	d.	reach a height of about two inches.	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	144.	Container-grown stock is pruned to
a.	reduce frost kill 	c.	induce compact growth	
b.	develop more shoots at tip of plant 	d.	secure cuttings for next year’s stock	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	145.	After you have transplanted seedlings, the seedlings should be placed:
a.	in a cooler.	c.	under a bench.	
b.	in direct sunlight.	d.	under mist.	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	146.	When transplanting seedlings, the soil moisture contents should be:
a.	dry enough that the soil flows like sand.	c.	moist enough that water can be squeezed from the soil.	
b.	moist enough that the soil forms a clump when squeezed.	d.	moist enough that a puddle forms under the soil.	

ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	147.	When transplanting seedlings, diseased plants should be:
a.	removed from the potting area.	c.	transplanted as normal.	
b.	sprayed when transplanted.	d.	transplanted then sprayed.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	148.	A system for growing plants with the roots supplied with nutrients in a dilute fertilizer solution is called:
a.	hydroponics	c.	hydraulics	
b.	chemotherapy	d.	chemagrow	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	149.	Plants that are NOT turgid can be described as:
a.	bolting	c.	herbaceous	
b.	crisp	d.	wilting	

ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	150.	Heavy phosphorus applications to potted bedding plants will cause:
a.	floral initiation.	c.	longer stem internodes.	
b.	lower soluble salts in the soil.	d.	vegetative growth.	

ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	151.	What language is used in the scientific naming of plants to ensure uniformity regardless of where the plant is grown
a.	English	c.	Latin	
b.	Spanish	d.	French	

ANS:	C	PTS:	1